Essentially, heavy haulage is the transporting of equipment, machinery, building materials, and other items that exceed established limits for height, weight, length, and width. In Florida, that’s any load that exceeds13 ft. 6 in. in height, 80,000 lbs., 75 ft. in length, and 8 ft. 6 in. in width. Any load exceeding those limits requires a permit to be transported.

Regulations Vary

There are no uniform rules across the U.S., meaning hauls originating in Florida that need to be transported through other states or across international borders may need multiple permits. Depending on the destination and a state’s regulations, special lights, signage and escort vehicles may also be required. Load limits change from state to state and even from county to county.

Trailers Help Stay Within Limits

Heavy haul company have a variety of trailers at their disposal. Some are designed to help remain within stated limits. An example is a double drop trailer, also known as a low boy. It sets closer to the ground, reducing the height of the item to be transported.

Routes Make a Difference

The route that a heavy haul load takes can make a huge difference in the cost, permits needed, and arrival time. Heavy haul companies use advanced logistics that enables loads to travel any distance with as little fuss as possible. Sometimes the most direct route isn’t the best. The technology enables heavy haul companies to deliver loads promptly and in the most expedient manner.

A Highly Complex Process

A heavy haul load presents a variety of complicated calculations and safety measures. Those precautions ensure that loads don’t try to pass under overpasses that are too low or bridges that can’t handle the weight of the load. It allows heavy haul companies to arrange for police assistance if necessary, disconnection of electrical lines if needed, and numerous other accommodations to ensure the safety of the load, infrastructure, and other motorists.

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If you’ve never had to contract for heavy haul services, the process can be confusing. It’s a highly complicated and complex process. There are a number of criteria you’ll need to consider when entrusting your cargo to a heavy haul company.

Years of Experience

Heavy haul companies don’t stay in business long if they deliver shoddy customer service or neglect safety. The heavy haul company you choose should have years of experience, an excellent reputation, and officials won’t be hesitant about sharing references.

Safety Record

The machinery, equipment and other items that comprise a heavy haul can be worth millions of dollars. You want a company that’s demonstrated an exceptional safety record. That means that the company maintains a high level of expertise and takes every safety precaution necessary to ensure the safety of your property and other motorists during the transport process. The heavy hauler will have had experience in transporting the type of freight you have to move, whether it’s an earthmover or a yacht.

Services Offered and Trailers

Reputable heavy haul companies offer more than simple transportation from one point to another. They’re prepared with specialized lighting, signage and escort vehicles. The company will also be cognizant of when those safety measures are required. While you’ll want to maintain your own insurance, the heavy haul company will be licensed, insured, and provide tracking throughout the cargo’s journey.

The type of trailer used matters. The professionals know which trailer will best suit your specific needs and the best technique for loading the cargo on the trailer. The company can arrange for a container if the load must travel part of the way to its destination by rail or ocean-going vessel.

Logistics and Permitting

The company you choose should have advanced logistics. It enables the company to map the safest and most expedient route that avoids potential impediments to delivery. The one thing that advanced logistics can’t plan for is inclement weather.

There can be multiple permits required, depending on the destination. An expert heavy haul company will be cognizant of the permits needed and obtain all pertinent paperwork or electronic documents to ensure every federal, state and county regulation is met.

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A heavy haul load presents a variety of potential dangers and hazards. North American Heavy Haul pioneered many of the safety precautions that have become industry standards and have been incorporated into industry guidelines. It’s important for clients to know their equipment or machinery will be well taken care of throughout its journey, whether its within the state or across international borders. The primary objective in any heavy haul project is the safety of the load and mitigating any potential risk to other drivers.

Heavy Haul Specifications

In Florida, a heavy haul load is one that exceeds13 ft. 6 in. in height, 80,000 lbs., 75 ft. in length, and 8 ft. 6 in. in width. Special permitting will be required and specialized trailers utilized.

Center of Gravity

It’s essential that loads be situated on a trailer in an optimal position relative to the center of gravity. Weight must be distributed evenly. This presents a lower profile and significantly reduces the potential for tipping while navigating corners and highway ramps. Specialized trailers are available that facilitate lowering the center of gravity.

Clean and Clear

Bumps and humps on highways can lead to the dislodging of any dirt or debris on equipment or machinery. All types of cargo should be cleaned before loading to eliminate dirt and other forms of debris that could become dislodged during transit. If not removed, they can fall off the cargo and create a hazard for other drivers.

Securing the Load

Properly securing the load is a critical practice. Specific guidelines govern the type of tie-down to be used and where it’s placed for optimal safety. Chocks may also be needed to prevent equipment or machinery from moving during acceleration or in the event of a sudden stop. Chains are the preferred method. Straps may be used in some situations, but size and strength of the tie downs are carefully calculated.

Moveable Parts

The trucking company will lower all attachments and moveable parts prior to beginning the transport. In many instances, attachments may be removed and hauled along with the equipment to minimize height or length. Attachments that have been removed are secured separately. Any doors or steering wheels on equipment must be secured so they don’t move.

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The amount of weight considered to be a heavy haul will largely depend on the state, but in general, it’s defined as anything that exceeds 80,000 lbs. in gross weight. Heavy haul companies regularly transport items ranging from 80,000 lbs. to 200,000 lbs. Any weight over 200,000 lbs. is classified as a super load.

Hauling capacity is reliant on a number of factors that includes the axle configuration and trailer type. Depending on the load, the heavy hauler may need special signage, lighting, permits, and 1 or more escort vehicles. The truck may only be allowed to travel during certain hours of the day – there may also be restrictions on the days they may travel.

The Department of Transportation (DOT) calculates load weights based on multiple variables – and they can vary widely by state. Those calculations are based on factors that include axle spacing, axle groups, number of tires, and the manufacturer’s rating.

No Uniformity

All states are required to allow trucks up to 80,000 lbs. traverse the federal interstate highway system. However, load weight limits can get complicated and confusing, depending on the state. Some states allow heavier loads without requiring special permits. The weight per axle can also vary, depending on the state. Heavy haulers have to be aware of the rules in the states in which they’ll be required to traverse.

Road Damage

The primary reason that the DOT enacted load limits is to prevent damage to roadways. Interstate highways regularly handle the weight of heavy haulers. However, the majority of roadways aren’t built to handle that much weight without experiencing some damage.

Safety

Another reason regulations have been put in place is for the safety of other motorists. Heavy haulers need additional space to get up to speed, stop, turn, and maneuver among traffic. A collision or accident involving any tractor-trailer rig is likely to be fatal.

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Few people give a second thought to the specialized tractor-trailer rigs that must be perfectly matched to haul equipment, machinery and a myriad of other objects. To ensure the safety of the load, heavy haul drivers receive specialized training. Professional heavy haul companies also provide a variety of other services.

Tractors

All semi-tractors don’t have the same size engine. The engine must be of sufficient horse power to be able to move the weight of the trailer and its load, get up to speed, and be capable of climbing hills if necessary.

Trailers

There are multiple types of trailers that can accommodate different heavy haul loads. Some are capable of being dropped down to within a couple feet of the pavement for extra tall objects. Others enable motorized vehicles to be driven onto the heavy haul trailer. There are also designs that allow the trailer to be extended to additional lengths. The heavy haul company has the experience to know what type of trailer is best for a specific piece of equipment or machinery.

Drivers

Heavy haul loads are unlike any other. A heavy haul tractor-trailer combination requires more room for turns, to stop, and to accelerate. Drivers must know the proper way to distribute the weight of the load and how to secure it properly.

Drivers attend specialized classes. They must have a good driving record and meet special licensing requirements to obtain a commercial driver’s license (CDL). Heavy haul drivers are under stress to deliver loads safely and on time, which requires a calm demeanor and the ability to work well under pressure.

Professional Service

Individuals with machinery or equipment to transport need to choose their heavy haul company carefully. Professional heavy haul companies make transport as easy as possible for clients. They take care of required permits and provide GPS tracking every step of the way, along with escort vehicles, signage and lighting when necessary.

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From food and pharmaceuticals to electronics, fuel and livestock, the trucking industry keeps
products and raw materials flowing to destinations across the U.S. and beyond. A full 72
percent of all the freight moved across the U.S. is transported by truck. There are currently 3.36
million truck drivers in the U.S. that move 11.5 billion tons of freight per year.
Safe Arrivals
Virtually every industry depends on truck drivers in some way. Drivers work behind the scenes
to ensure refrigerated products to heating fuel for homes arrive safely and on time. Truck
drivers are professionals that undergo stringent training. They meet deadlines, spend a
significant amount of time away from family and friends, and navigate through an array of
weather conditions.
Connecting Communities
The trucking industry connects communities, allowing businesses to sell their products locally
and around the globe. Those connections enable businesses to employ millions of workers. The
dollars spent by those workers go to local economies. Commercial truckers paid billions in state
and federal taxes in 2022.
Emergencies
Whether it’s a wildfire or a hurricane, truck drivers are some of the first individuals on the
scene when a disaster strikes. They deliver supplies for first responders, hospitals and other
essential services. Truck drivers are considered essential workers. Approximately 10 percent of
drivers are veterans and 6 percent are women.
Infrastructure
Most people don’t think about infrastructure in connection with the trucking industry.
Thousands of roads and bridges have been constructed to facilitate truck deliveries and that
infrastructure is used by millions of ordinary motorists every day.
Supply Chain
Truckers are an integral part of the supply chain in the U.S. Drivers transport goods across the
nation, to ports for export to other countries, and across international borders. The trucking
industry contributes to the economy through multiple types of taxes. The delivery of goods by
truckers enables communities to grow and for people to live more convenient lives.

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Anyone wondering why they’re paying more for the food and goods they consume, one of the reasons is the higher cost of diesel fuel. When the cost of diesel increases, trucking companies pass the additional cost on to their clients. That cost is again passed on to the consumer for the items they purchase. The high price of diesel is affecting the heavy haul industry in multiple ways.

Diesel Prices

Everyone has been feeling the pain at the pump, and nowhere is that truer than for those in the trucking industry. Prices have increased for diesel fuel at a far greater and faster rate than regular gas. The war in Ukraine has resulted in more oil being exported to countries in the UK and South America. That’s increased demand for domestically produced fuel – it’s a matter of supply and demand.

Some trucking companies and independent truckers say their jobs are no longer profitable. It’s led some to leave the industry, placing a further strain on deliveries to outlets that are already experiencing pandemic-related supply chain issues. Drivers are working more hours and are more stressed as they try to make up for a loss in profits.

Truckers say the current level of diesel prices is making trucking an unsustainable industry. They’re predicting empty shelves across the nation as consumers fight for basic necessities. Drivers are reporting a greater number of diesel fuel thefts from trucks as prices increase. They warn of more companies going out of business in an industry that’s already experiencing a driver shortage of approximately 81,000.

Higher diesel prices mean the per-mile charge for the trucking industry has increased and its outstripping fuel surcharges. Big box stores that move the greatest number of goods factors in the cost of fuel in their on-the-shelf pricing and for their quarterly earnings.

The cost of diesel fuel is affecting all sectors of the trucking industry. It costs more to transport seeds and agricultural products, harvested food, and manufactured goods. Some manufacturing plants also use diesel fuel, further increasing an already stretched demand that’s affecting every aspect of the trucking industry.

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Heavy haul drivers keep a variety of industries supplied with the parts, materials and equipment needed for a variety of operations ranging from heavy construction and mining to agricultural endeavors. The drivers also encounter multiple types of problems while on the road, encompassing driving disasters, injuries, and illness.

Heavy Haulers

Driving-Related Accidents

Rules and regulations are in place dictating how long drivers can engage in over-the-road travel before they must rest. However, heavy haulers are still subject to schedule changes and irregular sleep pattern resulting in a lack of sound slumber. Like everyone else, drivers can also have difficulty falling asleep.

Drivers of passenger vehicles also present problems. They don’t consider the extra space that heavy haulers require to stop, turn and make lane changes. Those risks increase with oversized loads. Sharp curves, rain-covered roads, snowy or icy terrain, and steep hills increase the potential for a truck to experience a jackknife situation or roll over. The potential for loads that shift or break loose are always a very real danger, particularly on bad roads.

Equipment-Related Injuries

Heavy haul drivers also experience robberies, though it’s an often-overlooked hazard of the job. Trying to protect a load from thieves can result in serious injury or even death. Loads are secured and checked before drivers set out. However, burns, electric shock and hazardous emissions do occur. Material may be ejected or chains come loose, along with shearing or crushing.

Health-Related Problems

Heavy haul drivers can experience a variety of health problems ranging from obesity, diabetes, stress and high blood pressure to cardiovascular disease, cancer and musculoskeletal injuries. Entering and exiting truck cabs can be hard on joints, while exposure to hazardous chemicals is also a concern. While it’s not often discussed, male and female drivers experience assault and rape.

Heavy haulers are far less likely to see a doctor regularly due to their schedules and it can be difficult for them to contact their primary care physician. Even though telehealth appointments can help, if blood work, x-rays or lab tests are needed, drivers may not be logistically situated to obtain those diagnostic tests. Further complicating treatment is that drivers can’t take some types of medications while operating a tractor-trailer rig.

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The truck driving industry has been romanticized in a variety of songs and films, leading to multiple misapprehensions about the trucking lifestyle and pay scale. There are numerous variables in regard to how much truck drives make. Annual incomes for truck drivers have come to the forefront of conversations as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and an influx of women into the industry.

Driver

According to the National Transportation Institute, in 2001 the primary factors affecting pay for commercial drivers were driver turnover, the number of available drivers, consumer demand for products, and freight rates. The average annual income for U.S. truck drivers is a little over $66,000 per year, according to a survey conducted by Indeed.com.

Factors affecting pay scales include experience, the type of load being hauled, and the region. Independent owner-operators have greater incomes than those that drive for a company, with an average of $220,000 per year. Heavy haulers average from $75,000 to $120,000 per year.

Excluding ice road trucking that’s extremely dangerous and requires extensive experience and endorsements, specialty vehicle hauler incomes range from $67,000 to $89,000. Team drivers can make from $67,500 to $80,000, with fleet driver incomes steady at about $87,500. Tanker and liquids drivers average about $75,000, with hazmat drivers coming in between $55,000 to $73,000.

It’s important for anyone considering a job in the trucking industry to be aware that those are best case scenario incomes. The median income for truckers has steadily declined since the 1980s and in some areas of the nation, pay has decreased by as much as 50 percent. Many attribute the decrease to The Motor Carrier Act of 1980 that imposed a variety of rules and regulations to which truck drivers had to adhere.

The trucking industry provides a multitude of opportunities for individuals. However, to earn the most income it may be necessary to relocate to a different part of the nation where pay scales are higher. Additionally, not everyone is equipped to handle the trucking life. It requires considerable time alone, spending time away from family and friends, and it can be stressful.

Those disadvantages are offset by the ability to make a decent income right away, a high level of job security, and benefits. Bonuses may be offered for driving certain routes and truckers have more independence than other professions. It all begins with getting a CDL license.

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Anytime that a load exceeds specific dimensions, it’s considered a heavy haul. As a result, trucks may require flashing lights, signage and special permits to travel, along with one or more escort vehicles. Very specific hours of operation may also be mandated. However, not all states have the same requirements for a heavy haul and it’s essential that drivers be prepared for changing rules over multiple states.

Heavy Haul

The following are the criteria used to denote a heavy haul load.

• Weight – Anything over 46,000 lbs.
• Width – Loads exceeding 8.6 ft. Shipments greater than 16 ft. wide are considered a super load, requiring road closures or other special accommodations.
• Height – Any load that’s 13.5 or more
• Length – Loads that exceed 48-53 ft.

There are very good reasons for the laws governing heavy hauls. Infrastructure hasn’t always kept up with the needs of the trucking industry and the locations to which they deliver. There are still narrow bridges, low-hanging overpasses, and rural roads built for nothing heavier than average passenger vehicles. The routes taken by a heavy haul load must be carefully mapped out to prevent damage to the freight, truck or roadway.

Truck and trailer combinations require extra stopping distances – about 200 ft. for a complete stop. The stopping distance increases by a little more than 25 percent for each 20,000 lbs. added after the first 80,000 lbs.

The logistics of getting a load from one location to another takes time and careful planning. A professional heavy haul company has the experience, knowledge and technology to ensure loads arrive at their destination on time and at the least expense to the client. The companies are also cognizant of all relevant laws and will choose the best trailer type to ensure the safety of any load.

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